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Morris Jacob Raphall
Morris Jacob Raphall (October 3, 1798–June 23, 1868) was a rabbi and author born at Stockholm, Sweden.
==Biography==
At the age of nine Raphall was taken by his father, who was banker to the King of Sweden, to Copenhagen, where he was educated at the Hebrew grammar-school. Later he went to England, where he devoted himself to the study of languages, for the better acquisition of which he subsequently traveled in France, Germany, and Belgium. He received the Ph.D. degree from the University of Erlangen (Germany). After lecturing on Hebrew poetry he began to publish the ''Hebrew Review, and Magazine of Rabbinical Literature,'' which he was forced to discontinue in 1836 owing to ill health.
For some time he acted as honorary secretary to Solomon Herschell, chief rabbi of Great Britain. He made translations from Maimonides, Albo, and Herz Wessely; conjointly with the Rev. D. A. de Sola he published a translation of eighteen treatises of the Mishnah; he also began a translation of the Pentateuch, of which only one volume appeared. In 1840, when the blood accusation was made at Damascus, he published a refutation of it in four languages (Hebrew, English, French, and German) and wrote a defense of Judaism against an anonymous writer in the London "Times." Raphall was also the author of a text-book of the post-Biblical history of the Jews (to the year 70 C.E.).
In 1841 he was appointed minister of the Birmingham Synagogue and master of the school. He continued in these capacities for eight years, and then sailed for New York in 1849. That year, he gave a series of lectures on biblical poetry at the The Brooklyn Institute, and was appointed rabbi and preacher of Manhattan's B'nai Jeshurun congregation. He continued there until 1866, his duties then being relaxed owing to his infirm health. He died at New York on June 23, 1868.
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